Three years in: What the Digital Markets Act looks like in practice

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James Waterworth, Amazon's Director of EU Public Policy, and Salomé Cisnal de Ugarte, author of the study "The Digital Markets Act – A Procedural Journey Towards Effective Compliance," recognised as one of Europe's leading lawyers in competition law and a partner at Paul Hastings, currently serving as a non-governmental adviser to the European Commission (DG COMP) at the International Competition Network (ICN), reflect on what three years of living with the Digital Markets Act (DMA) look like in practice.

DMA 3 years in, James Waterworth and Salome
James Waterworth, Amazon's Director of EU Public Policy; and Salomé Cisnal de Ugarte, author of the study "The Digital Markets Act – A Procedural Journey Towards Effective Compliance"
James Waterworth, Amazon's Director of EU Public Policyv
James Waterworth, Amazon's Director of EU Public Policy

The exchange—which took place during the European Competition Day organised by the CCIA in Brussels in April 23rd 2026 —came at a moment when the DMA has clearly shifted from a conceptual debate to concrete questions about designations, compliance efforts, and a growing number of market investigations.